Build a simple solar panel hookup multisim 14.1 free# P-type - In P-type doping, boron or gallium is added to the pure silicon. Those elements each have three outer electrons. When mixed into the silicon structure, they form "holes" in the lattice where a silicon electron has nothing to bond to.
The absence of an electron creates the effect of a positive charge, hence the name P-type. A hole happily accepts an electron from a neighbor, moving the hole over a space.ĭiodes are made from two differently doped layers of semiconductor material that form a PN junction. The P-type material has a surplus of positive charge carriers (holes) and the N type, a surplus of electrons. Between these layers, where the P-type and N-type materials meet, holes and electrons combine, with excees electrons combining with excess holes to cancel each other out, so a thin layer is created that has neither positive nor negative charge carriers present. There are no charge carriers in this depletion layer and no current can flow across it. But when a voltage is applied across the junction however, so that the P-type anode is made positive and the N-type cathode negative, the positive holes are attracted across the depletion layer towards the negative cathode, also the negative electrons are attracted towards the positive anode and current flows.
Think of a diode as a one-way street for electricity. When the diode is in forward bias, the diode allows traffic, or current, to flow from the anode, towards the cathode leg. In a reverse bias current is blocked so there is no flow of electricity through the circuit. When current is flowing through a diode, the voltage on the positive leg is higher than on the negative leg, this is called the diode's forward voltage drop. The severity of the voltage drop is a function of the semiconductor material that the diode is made from. When the voltage across the diode is positive, a lot of current can flow once the voltage becomes large enough. When the voltage across the diode is negative, virtually no current flows. There are many different kinds of diodes, and each one serves a different purpose as an electronic component.Ī Light Emitting Diode or LED is probably the most well known and most easily identified.
The LED emits visible light when electrons jump across the PN junction.The resulting light is referred to as electroluminescence. Photodiodes conduct only when they are exposed to light. These can be useful in making projects with a light activated switch, so that a circuit in only active in the presence of light. Zener diodes are designed to conduct in the reverse direction, only when something called the breakdown voltage is reached will the circuit conduct. These are dialed to precise tolerances, see the section on Zener Diodes in step 3. Build a simple solar panel hookup multisim 14.1 free#.
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